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Host Country Policy Tracker: What governments have done about carbon credits

Moratoriums, revenue shares, authorisation rules and benefit-sharing laws can change what a carbon credit is worth after you sign. This record lists 23 government actions in 14 countries, each dated and sourced, beside every host country's Article 6 position and World Bank governance scores. 7 tightened the rules, 4 opened them up, and the rest set the rules out.

No combined risk score: the facts are shown side by side. Record checked on 12 October 2026.

Latest reporting on host-country carbon policy

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No new reporting on host-country carbon policy in the last 30 days of publishers' feeds.

India: recorded actions

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All Tightens Opens Sets rules

No government action on carbon credits is recorded for this country yet.

Every host country, side by side

150 countries host carbon credit projects in the database. Sorted by credits issued from projects in each country. Governance scores run from 0 to 100, higher is stronger.

150 countries shown

Host countries with projects, Article 6 position, governance scores and recorded actions
Country	Projects	Credits issued	Article 6	Stability	Rule of law	Regulatory quality	Actions recorded
United States of America	1,920	585,065,056	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	60	72	73	0
India	1,907	410,711,345	2 bilateral agreements, authority appointed	55	57	53	2
China	1,563	258,297,104	Authority appointed	66	52	54	0
Türkiye	558	150,258,843	Authority appointed	50	45	53	0
Brazil	394	148,876,876	2 bilateral agreements, 92 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	59	51	48	1
Peru	74	98,922,935	2 bilateral agreements, 1 Article 6.2 activity, 15 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	57	48	58	1
Indonesia	101	98,082,568	4 bilateral agreements, 40 Article 6.2 activities, 14 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	53	54	57	3
Kenya	346	85,495,429	5 bilateral agreements, 4 Article 6.2 activities, 17 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	46	51	49	2
Guyana	1	58,433,813	24,963,214 ITMOs transferred, 1 Article 6.2 activity, authority appointed	69	54	49	1
Cambodia	45	56,751,831	3 bilateral agreements, 9 Article 6.2 activities, 2 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	72	41	45	0
Colombia	126	48,204,403	1 bilateral agreement, authority appointed	49	48	52	0
Bangladesh	177	43,087,455	1 bilateral agreement, 4 Article 6.2 activities, 11 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	49	44	39	0
Mexico	561	38,958,348	1 bilateral agreement, 9 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	55	39	52	0
Viet Nam	144	35,363,924	3 bilateral agreements, 20 Article 6.2 activities, 23 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	68	56	53	0
Uganda	299	33,947,015	15 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	50	48	45	0
Zimbabwe	30	33,810,113	2 Article 6.2 activities, 1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	50	39	34	3
Zambia	91	25,580,771	4 bilateral agreements, 2 Article 6.2 activities, 2 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	65	51	48	1
South Africa	170	24,827,920	17 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	59	59	54	0
Uruguay	28	24,301,141	1 bilateral agreement, 5 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	88	74	65	0
Republic of Korea	17	22,714,797	14 bilateral agreements, 8 Article 6.2 activities, 7 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	82	78	73	0
Rwanda	226	22,534,441	3 bilateral agreements, 14 Article 6.2 activities, 2 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	68	60	60	0
Thailand	109	20,609,816	3 bilateral agreements, 52,642 ITMOs transferred, 36 Article 6.2 activities, 19 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	56	57	58	0
Malawi	160	20,037,267	2 bilateral agreements, 4 Article 6.2 activities, 5 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	63	56	45	1
Ghana	69	15,583,868	5 bilateral agreements, 11,733 ITMOs transferred, 44 Article 6.2 activities, 2 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	67	59	52	1
Madagascar	137	14,959,281	2,724,532 ITMOs transferred, 62 Article 6.2 activities, 4 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	56	43	41	0
Canada	79	13,696,840	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	80	83	80	0
Nigeria	130	13,540,409	4 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	35	43	44	0
Guatemala	34	12,639,516	6 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	62	42	50	0
Ethiopia	88	12,534,464	2 bilateral agreements, 5 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	33	43	43	0
Uzbekistan	7	11,789,486	2 bilateral agreements, 2 Article 6.2 activities, authority appointed	67	48	47	0
Germany	57	10,514,136	Authority appointed	69	85	76	0
Chile	44	9,836,277	3 bilateral agreements, 14 Article 6.2 activities, 30 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	69	70	66	0
United Republic of Tanzania	94	8,697,593	2 bilateral agreements, 2 Article 6.2 activities, authority appointed	57	49	47	2
Malaysia	29	7,590,357	2 bilateral agreements, 4 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	72	65	67	0
Pakistan	38	7,547,640	1 bilateral agreement, 17 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	31	41	40	0
Nepal	148	6,743,351	1 bilateral agreement, 9 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	58	54	44	0
Côte d’Ivoire	15	5,670,123	1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	53	50	53	0
Argentina	53	5,484,639	7 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	68	57	54	0
Honduras	48	5,100,194	1 Article 6.2 activity, 1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	58	40	45	2
Egypt	24	4,867,104	2 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	50	47	48	0
Burundi	14	4,761,112	1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	44	35	41	0
Sierra Leone	33	4,703,121	1 Article 6.2 activity, authority appointed	59	45	37	0
Lao People's Democratic Republic	52	4,618,590	3 bilateral agreements, 5 Article 6.2 activities, 1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	75	48	44	0
Papua New Guinea	19	4,480,432	2 bilateral agreements, authority appointed	56	49	45	2
Belize	10	4,281,642	Authority appointed	80	53	46	0
Mozambique	97	4,128,289	1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	37	39	42	0
Bulgaria	7	3,892,362	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	70	58	61	0
Panama	13	3,876,216	1 bilateral agreement, 6 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	70	54	53	0
Paraguay	24	3,335,850	2 bilateral agreements, authority appointed	68	48	55	0
Somalia	4	3,171,572	Authority appointed	28	23	26	0
Mongolia	32	3,002,126	4 bilateral agreements, 7 Article 6.2 activities, 1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	76	57	55	0
Senegal	31	2,928,153	4 bilateral agreements, 4 Article 6.2 activities, 8 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	63	56	51	0
Nicaragua	21	2,742,593	Authority appointed	65	33	39	0
Dominican Republic	34	2,729,580	2 bilateral agreements, 2 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	76	57	59	0
Eritrea	45	2,552,354	Authority appointed	55	30	19	0
Denmark	4	2,324,712	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	80	92	85	0
Singapore	6	1,814,401	28 bilateral agreements, 19 Article 6.2 activities, authority appointed	89	83	92	0
Costa Rica	14	1,717,007	2 bilateral agreements, 2 Article 6.2 activities, 1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	87	69	65	0
Mali	14	1,692,001	2 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	22	39	42	0
Morocco	15	1,591,035	3 bilateral agreements, 2 Article 6.2 activities, 1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	56	53	55	0
Oman	6	1,579,968	1 bilateral agreement, 3 Article 6.2 activities, 1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	76	67	67	0
Philippines	34	1,521,961	2 bilateral agreements, 10 Article 6.2 activities, 7 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	51	51	59	0
Burkina Faso	102	1,513,996	2 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	34	44	45	0
Russian Federation	8	1,329,474	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	49	38	35	0
Central African Republic	6	1,294,618	Authority appointed	36	31	33	0
Netherlands (Kingdom of the)	8	1,241,840	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	78	72	71	0
Aruba	2	1,075,844	No Article 6 record	88	79	72	0
Togo	38	1,015,958	Authority appointed	51	48	47	0
Kazakhstan	20	1,010,373	2 bilateral agreements, authority appointed	62	52	56	0
Cameroon	19	995,725	2 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	36	39	42	0
Mauritania	2	953,204	Authority appointed	54	45	43	0
Gambia	11	896,511	1 Article 6.2 activity, authority appointed	66	52	44	0
Benin	17	890,827	1 bilateral agreement, authority appointed	59	51	50	0
Australia	17	886,866	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	79	83	84	0
New Zealand	13	730,489	Authority appointed	86	86	87	0
Democratic Republic of the Congo	18	711,453	2 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	28	31	33	0
Myanmar	48	659,982	1 bilateral agreement, 2 Article 6.2 activities, 8 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	29	30	30	0
Mauritius	4	633,808	4 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	82	70	72	0
France	17	630,543	Authority appointed	64	75	73	0
El Salvador	9	606,561	1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	68	47	53	0
Namibia	7	536,781	Authority appointed	79	65	57	0
Romania	14	523,245	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	69	64	60	0
New Caledonia	1	507,905	No Article 6 record	71	63	n/a	0
Georgia	4	442,471	3 bilateral agreements, 2 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	57	60	66	0
Sri Lanka	21	414,283	2 bilateral agreements, 8 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	65	55	50	0
Sudan	4	368,399	Authority appointed	29	28	26	0
Tajikistan	1	315,553	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	60	39	42	0
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	18	310,787	1 bilateral agreement, authority appointed	63	36	35	0
Guinea-Bissau	2	302,043	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	56	38	34	0
Lesotho	6	273,332	Authority appointed	65	51	47	0
Fiji	2	225,056	1 bilateral agreement, 1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	83	66	56	0
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	15	213,856	Authority appointed	71	80	81	0
Angola	6	166,815	Authority appointed	58	40	43	0
Haiti	12	157,887	Authority appointed	41	32	30	0
Ecuador	7	151,697	2 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	54	42	43	0
Lithuania	3	137,177	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	82	81	77	0
Chad	5	131,471	Authority appointed	38	35	37	0
Timor-Leste	16	128,930	Authority appointed	77	48	43	0
North Macedonia	3	80,177	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	72	56	63	0
Switzerland	27	73,902	20 bilateral agreements, 63,366 ITMOs transferred, 39 Article 6.2 activities, authority appointed	85	87	85	0
Guinea	12	66,779	Authority appointed	53	39	39	0
United Arab Emirates	7	47,452	2 bilateral agreements, 3 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	80	68	76	0
Niger	2	38,769	Authority appointed	35	40	42	0
Poland	5	29,456	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	78	68	69	0
Estonia	6	25,638	Authority appointed	81	82	79	0
Liberia	3	22,906	Authority appointed	63	45	41	1
Comoros	5	17,454	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	62	43	36	0
Israel	10	16,574	Authority appointed	50	70	75	0
Cyprus	2	15,171	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	73	71	70	0
Iceland	2	12,514	1 bilateral agreement, no Article 6.4 authority recorded	89	85	74	0
Azerbaijan	4	10,745	1 bilateral agreement, 2 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	64	51	56	0
Iraq	1	2,560	Authority appointed	33	36	38	0
Austria	1	980	Authority appointed	75	86	74	0
Norway	2	75	9 bilateral agreements, no Article 6.4 authority recorded	85	91	83	0
Gabon	7	0	1 bilateral agreement, 1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	68	42	43	0
Bhutan	1	0	1 bilateral agreement, 3 Article 6.4 activities, authority appointed	90	71	54	0
Djibouti	3	0	Authority appointed	57	42	41	0
Serbia	3	0	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	60	53	57	0
Botswana	4	0	Authority appointed	85	63	62	0
Greece	1	0	Authority appointed	71	63	63	0
Kosovo	1	0	No Article 6 record	63	60	52	0
Italy	19	0	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	74	68	66	0
Armenia	1	0	Authority appointed	58	54	59	0
Cabo Verde	1	0	1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	81	66	56	0
Belgium	2	0	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	69	80	76	0
Latvia	6	0	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	80	76	73	0
Croatia	2	0	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	78	66	63	0
Yemen	1	0	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	22	27	30	0
Tunisia	3	0	3 bilateral agreements, authority appointed	53	52	47	0
Japan	6	0	32 bilateral agreements, 1,442 ITMOs transferred, 147 Article 6.2 activities, no Article 6.4 authority recorded	88	84	77	0
Spain	15	0	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	69	73	63	0
Guam	1	0	No Article 6 record	87	75	62	0
Jamaica	1	0	Authority appointed	75	58	56	0
Czechia	1	0	Authority appointed	84	78	74	0
Syrian Arab Republic	1	0	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	83	78	76	0
Suriname	1	0	1 Article 6.2 activity, no Article 6.4 authority recorded	76	55	42	0
Jordan	1	0	1 bilateral agreement, 1 Article 6.4 activity, authority appointed	60	62	61	0
Bahrain	1	0	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	60	62	73	0
Saudi Arabia	3	0	1 bilateral agreement, 1 Article 6.2 activity, authority appointed	66	63	67	0
Albania	1	0	Authority appointed	67	58	61	0
South Sudan	1	0	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	39	25	23	0
Bahamas	1	0	Authority appointed	84	62	54	0
Portugal	6	0	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	78	76	65	0
Ukraine	4	0	2 bilateral agreements, authority appointed	60	46	51	0
Sweden	3	0	7 bilateral agreements, 3 Article 6.2 activities, authority appointed	81	87	83	0
Hong Kong	1	0	No Article 6 record	79	74	83	0
Ireland	1	0	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	79	84	83	0
Afghanistan	1	0	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	30	28	31	0
Qatar	1	0	No Article 6.4 authority recorded	84	68	73	0
Solomon Islands	1	0	Authority appointed	79	62	39	0

Source: UN Article 6 tracking (UNEP Copenhagen Climate Centre) · Data as of 4 September 2026

Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators · Data as of 2025

Which of your credits sit in these countries?

Host Country Exposure in the CRBN.credit terminal reads your Retirement Ledger, or a list of project IDs, groups your credits by host country and puts each country's recorded actions, Article 6 position and governance scores beside them, with a CSV.

Open Host Country Exposure

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Why host country policy matters to a credit buyer

A carbon credit is created in one country and usually bought in another. Until recently the host government had little say in that trade. The Paris Agreement changed that: each country now has its own emissions target, and a reduction sold abroad is one the country cannot also count at home unless it chooses to.

Authorisation and adjustments. Under Article 6, a host country can authorise credits for use abroad and apply a corresponding adjustment. Credits used for CORSIA's first phase need that authorisation. Countries are building the institutions to grant it at different speeds, which is what the Article 6 column shows.

Revenue and benefit sharing. Several governments now take a share of carbon revenue, or require projects to share it with communities. Kenya requires land-based projects to pay communities at least 40% of their earnings. Zimbabwe announced a 50% state share in 2023 before setting lower terms in 2025.

Pauses and reopenings. Moratoriums halt new projects or exports while rules are written. Papua New Guinea paused voluntary forest projects from 2022 to 2025; Indonesia halted cross-border sales in 2021 and reopened them in 2025. A pause can strand credits a buyer has contracted for.

None of this makes a country a bad place for projects. Clear rules often make credits more valuable. What matters for a buyer is knowing which rules apply to the credits in front of them, and when they last changed.

How to read this page

Tightens marks an action that restricts projects or exports or takes a share of revenue. Opens marks one that lifts a restriction or authorises credits. Sets rules marks a framework that does neither on its face.
The Article 6 column counts what the UNEP Copenhagen Climate Centre's Article 6 Pipeline records for the country: bilateral agreements, ITMOs transferred, activities, and whether an authority for the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism is appointed.
Governance scores are country-wide and change slowly. They are context for a project, not a judgement on it.
The record of actions is curated by hand from government notices, gazettes and named reporting. Where sources disagree, the entry says so.

Questions

What is host country risk in carbon markets?

The chance that the government of the country where a project sits changes the rules under it: pausing new projects, claiming a share of revenue, requiring authorisation before credits leave the country, or setting benefit-sharing terms. It can delay issuance, cut a developer's revenue or stop credits being exported.

Which countries have restricted carbon credit projects?

This record lists, among others, moratoriums in Papua New Guinea (2022 to 2025) and Honduras (2022), Indonesia's halt to cross-border sales from 2021 until 2025, Zimbabwe's 2023 claim to half of project revenue, and Kenya's 2023 rule that land-based projects pay communities at least 40% of earnings. Each entry has its date and sources.

What does Article 6 authorisation mean for a buyer?

Under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement a host country can authorise credits for use abroad and apply a corresponding adjustment, so it does not also count the reduction toward its own target. CORSIA requires it for eligible units, and buyers increasingly ask for it. A country with no appointed authority cannot yet authorise credits under the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism.

How should I read the governance scores?

They are the World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators, scaled from 0 to 100, where higher is stronger: political stability and absence of violence, rule of law, and regulatory quality. They describe a whole country, not a project, and move slowly.

Why is there no single risk score?

Because no dataset measures the chance that a government revokes an authorisation or claims a share of revenue. Combining governance scores, Article 6 counts and past actions into one number would invent a precision that does not exist, so the page shows the facts side by side.

How often is the record updated?

Article 6 data and governance scores refresh automatically. The record of government actions is checked against its sources at least every 90 days and when a listed country changes its rules. Each entry shows the sources it rests on.

Related: our guide to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, the compliance regulation tracker, each project's host country position on its Credit Passport, the offtake calculator for what delivery risk does to a forward contract, and our analysis of host country risk in carbon markets.

General information compiled from public sources. It is not legal advice and not a rating of any country.

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