EU ETS installations
In 2025, 7,578 stationary installations in the EU ETS reported 937,112,736 tonnes of verified emissions and received 437,085,867 free allowances. Browse by country or activity to see each installation's record.
Installations reporting
7,578
Verified emissions, 2025
937,112,736 t
Free allocation, 2025
437,085,867
EU allowance price
€85.50
Source: European Commission, Union Registry · Data as of 1 April 2026 · Price: latest EU ETS primary auction, 25 September 2026
By country, 2025
- Germany 263,156,672 t
- Poland 104,564,017 t
- Italy 101,157,823 t
- Spain 78,478,629 t
- Netherlands 61,614,401 t
- France 50,109,720 t
- Czechia 40,028,299 t
- Belgium 36,120,855 t
- Greece 25,795,441 t
- Austria 25,580,873 t
- Romania 21,101,835 t
- Norway 20,558,860 t
- Sweden 16,181,181 t
- Slovakia 14,613,054 t
- Finland 11,870,873 t
- Portugal 11,329,669 t
- Hungary 10,995,360 t
- Ireland 10,670,686 t
- Croatia 5,740,215 t
- Bulgaria 5,654,059 t
- Lithuania 4,612,455 t
- Cyprus 4,334,042 t
- Estonia 4,123,644 t
- Slovenia 3,671,417 t
- Iceland 1,676,585 t
- Northern Ireland 1,276,500 t
- Latvia 847,256 t
- Luxembourg 667,686 t
- Denmark 411,678 t
- Malta 168,951 t
- United Kingdom no 2025 reports
- Liechtenstein no 2025 reports
By activity, 2025
- Combustion of fuels 546,777,790 t
- Refining of mineral oil 96,642,727 t
- Production of pig iron or steel CBAM 81,164,820 t
- Production of cement clinker CBAM 75,322,298 t
- Production of bulk chemicals 29,612,277 t
- Production of lime, or calcination of dolomite/magnesite 18,956,428 t
- Production of ammonia CBAM 12,856,052 t
- Production of paper or cardboard 11,612,629 t
- Manufacture of glass 11,398,870 t
- Manufacture of ceramics 8,782,540 t
- Production or processing of ferrous metals CBAM 8,076,459 t
- Production of hydrogen and synthesis gas CBAM 7,192,290 t
- Production of primary aluminium CBAM 6,379,347 t
- Production of coke 3,848,350 t
- Production of pulp 3,815,602 t
- Production or processing of non-ferrous metals 3,599,464 t
- Production of soda ash and sodium bicarbonate 2,508,428 t
- Production of nitric acid CBAM 1,749,798 t
- Production of carbon black 1,340,800 t
- Production or processing of gypsum or plasterboard 1,309,351 t
- Manufacture of mineral wool 1,265,758 t
- Production of secondary aluminium CBAM 1,077,153 t
- Other activity opted-in pursuant to Article 24 of Directive 2003/87/EC 927,407 t
- Metal ore roasting or sintering 812,797 t
- Production of adipic acid 83,210 t
- Capture of greenhouse gases under Directive 2009/31/EC 91 t
- Production of glyoxal and glyoxylic acid -
CBAM context
The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism covers iron and steel, cement, aluminium, fertilisers and hydrogen. Free allocation for products covered by the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is being reduced each year under current EU law.
| 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 97.5% | 95% | 90% | 77.5% | 51.5% | 39% | 26.5% | 14% | 0% |
Share of free allocation remaining for CBAM-covered products, under Directive (EU) 2023/959, Article 10a. It applies to the benchmarks for those products, not necessarily to an installation's whole allocation, so it is not applied to the figures on this page.
Proposed change
A European Commission proposal of 17 July 2026 would restore 15% of the phased-out free allocation for CBAM sectors from 2028 and extend the end of the phase-out from 2034 to 2038. This is a proposal and not yet law.
More on CBAM: the India CBAM Center and what CBAM is and how it works.
Questions
Where do these figures come from?
From the European Commission's Union Registry, which publishes each installation's verified emissions and free allocation every spring and its compliance status every autumn. They are read directly from the Commission's files.
What is the allowance position?
Verified emissions minus free allocation for the latest year. A positive number is the allowances an installation had to obtain beyond its free allocation; a negative one means allocation exceeded emissions.
When is the surrender deadline?
Operators surrender allowances covering the previous year's verified emissions by 30 September. The compliance code on each installation page records whether they did.
Stationary installations only; aircraft and maritime operators are not listed yet. Years from 2013, because the Commission notes that earlier years are not comparable after the change of scope in 2013. The current EU carbon price is on EU ETS live.